Alelophatic potential of Casuarina equisetifolia terminal branches in cuttings and seeds of Ipomoea pes-caprae (l.) R.br. and Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.
Abstract
In the coastal zone of Maputo City the Casuarina equisetifolia is common due to its use as stabilizer of dunes and windbreaks. However, this species has a potential to colonize open areas in dunes, by replacing the native vegetation and threatening the biodiversity, in a phenomenon called allelopathy. This study aimed at evaluating the allelopathic potential of the terminal branches of C. equisetifolia in the germination and growth of Ipomea pes-caprae and Canavalia rosea. For that, seeds and cuttings of both species were placed in soil and were irrigated with different concentrations of the extract of terminal branches of C. equisetifolia at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The germination of I. pes-caprae seeds showed to be more sensitive to the allelopathic effect compared to C. rosea. The germination decreased with the increase of extract concentration of C. equisetifolia reaching significant values at 100% to C. rosea and at 50% for I. pes-caprae, respectively. For the cuttings, the C. rosea the number of leaves decreased with the increase of the extract concentration while in I. pes-caprae the 75% significantly increased the number of leaves. The survival of C. rosea decreased significantly at 100% extract of C. equisetifolia while I. pes-caprae was affected significantly at 50% extract. The results indicated that C. equisetifolia plays an allelopathic effect on the pioneer native species of the dunes, which explain the scarcity of vegetation under its canopies, being a factor to be considered when used to recover vegetation in these areas.
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