ROLE OF SOCIAL NORMS ON PREGNANCY CARE AND INFANT FEEDING AMONG HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN IN RURAL MAPUTO PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE
Palavras-chave:
Biomedical norms, HIV-positive women, Social normsResumo
As normas sociais são consideradas obstáculo para o cumprimento das normas biomédicas concernentes a prevenção vertical do HIV. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre como as mulheres adoptam e reconciliam as normas biomédicas com as suas normas sociais durante a gravidez e amamentação. Este estudo analisa o papel das normas sociais no cumprimento das normas biomédicas durante a gravidez e amamentação entre as mulheres HIV positivas na zona rural da província de Maputo. Usou-se o método qualitativo baseado em entrevistas aprofundadas e grupos focais com mulheres e homens HIV positivo; entrevistas semiestruturadas com enfermeiras, agentes comunitários de saúde, médicos tradicionais e pastores das igrejas e, grupos focais com avós. Os dados foram analisados na base do método de análise temática. Os resultados revelam que as mulheres usam as normas sociais para prevenir-se dos espíritos maus, doenças e malnutrição que elas consideram prejudiciais para a sua saúde e do bebé. Algumas normas biomédicas são aceites e usadas pelas participantes durante os cuidados da gravidez. Entretanto, algumas normas sociais influenciaram as mulheres para não aderirem à algumas normas biomédicas tais como aleitamento materno exclusivo. Depreende-se que as mulheres aderem às normas sociais como forma de cumprir com as expectativas sociais da sua família e da comunidade. Elas tendem a não aderir às todas normas biomédicas que não estão em consonância com as suas normas sociais locais. O estudo sugere que as enfermeiras devem incluir os maridos das mulheres, sogras ou avós na educação sobre as normas biomédicas recomendadas para prevenir a infecção do HIV da mãe para o bebé.
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